China has made the deployment of large-scale satellite constellations a national priority. Projects like Guowang (13,000+ satellites) and Qianfan (“Thousand Sails”, targeting 15,000 by 2030) reflect Beijing’s intent to build a sovereign internet in space. These efforts are not just about connectivity for remote regions. They are about control, resilience, and influence. A central political goal is to ensure independence from U.S. systems while expanding digital reach through the Digital Silk Road.
While state-led programs dominate, commercial players like Geespace (backed by Geely) are adding speed and innovation. This hybrid model mirrors the U.S. approach, where SpaceX and Amazon’s Kuiper lead deployment. China’s constellation strategy is increasingly multi-layered, blending public and private capabilities.
China’s ambitions go beyond broadband. The Three-Body Constellation (三体星座, San Ti Xing Zuo) introduces a new paradigm: satellites as in-orbit AI computing platforms. This network aims to process data, run algorithms, and enable autonomous decision-making in space potentially transforming how satellite infrastructure is used for defense, logistics, and communications.
Despite its ambitions, China still trails the U.S. in key metrics. In 2024, the
U.S. deployed 8 times as many satellite payloads as China, 2,272 compared to
264. Starlink alone operates around 7,600 satellites, setting a benchmark that
China is racing to meet. Launch reliability and frequency remain critical
hurdles.
